Adaptive Salp Swarm Algorithm for Optimization of Geotechnical Structures

Based on the salp swarm algorithm (SSA), this paper proposes an efficient metaheuristic for solving global optimization problems and optimizing two commonly encountered geotechnical engineering structures: reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls shallow spread foundations. Two new equations leader- followers-position-updating procedures were introduced in proposed adaptive (ASSA). This change improved algorithm’s exploration capabilities while preventing it from converging prematurely. Benchmark test functions used to confirm performance, results compared SSA other effective algorithms. A Wilcoxon’s rank sum was performed evaluate pairwise statistical performances of algorithms, indicated significant superiority ASSA. The can also be optimize low-cost In analysis design procedures, both structural limit states used. case studies foundations solved using methodology. According simulation results, ASSA outperforms alternative models demonstrates ability produce better optimal solutions.